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- <text id=94TT1318>
- <title>
- Sep. 26, 1994: Technology:Hooked Up to the Max
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Sep. 26, 1994 Taking Over Haiti
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- TECHNOLOGY, Page 58
- Hooked Up to the Max
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Will America Online, Prodigy and CompuServe lose their clout
- when the Internet comes to town?
- </p>
- <p>By Philip Elmer-Dewitt--Reported by John F. Dickerson/ New York and David S. Jackson/San
- Francisco
- </p>
- <p> For the big three online services--CompuServe, Prodigy and
- America Online--this was the year it all fell into place.
- The computers were cheap. The modems were fast. The infohighway
- buzzwords were on everybody's lips. "It's like Mars and Jupiter
- coming into alignment," says Maurice Cox, president of CompuServe,
- the largest (2.25 million subscribers) of the field. Upstart
- America Online grew at such a rapid clip--an extraordinary
- 200% in the past 12 months--that subscribers complained of
- busy signals and its stock was whipsawed by takeover rumors
- (the most recent: that cable-TV mogul John Malone wants to buy
- a big stake). Even Prodigy, the troubled online service that
- has reportedly swallowed $1 billion of its co-owners' (IBM and
- Sears) shrinking capital, seems to have turned the corner and
- is finally showing a profit.
- </p>
- <p> But wouldn't you know, just when the money is starting to roll
- in, the foundation on which the Big Three built their empires
- is starting to look a little shaky. Tough new competitors are
- looming on the horizon, some 40,000 small local and regional
- systems are coming from behind, and--most ominously--the
- whole idea of competing commercial computer networks is being
- undermined by the network that connects them all: the Internet.
- "Don't look now," warns the headline on an Internet article
- in the current issue of Wired magazine, "but Prodigy, AOL and
- CompuServe are suddenly obsolete."
- </p>
- <p> Until quite recently, the Internet offered no serious competition.
- Developed as a research network with no central management system,
- it was sprawling, unruly, disorganized and almost impossible
- to navigate. Getting around the Net was like trying to find
- your way in a foreign city where the streets have no signs,
- maps are nonexistent, and the locals don't much cotton to strangers'
- asking questions.
- </p>
- <p> The big online services, by contrast, are the shopping malls
- of cyberspace. They are designed to provide all the goods and
- information services any paying customer might want--under
- one roof. CompuServe, for example, offers hundreds of news and
- information sources, thousands of databases, tens of thousands
- of free computer programs and plenty of gathering places where
- fellow subscribers can get together to chat. With a single telephone
- call, you can read the news, look up a stock quote, give some
- advice, make a friend, book a flight, check the weather, buy
- a raincoat and order a bunch of flowers.
- </p>
- <p> You would find a lot of the same things on the Internet, but
- you would have to know where to look. And because the Internet
- is a decentralized network rather than a single computer system,
- you have to make a fresh connection to a remote machine every
- time you want to get something done. As long as getting around
- the Net required memorizing computer addresses and mastering
- programs with names such as FTP and Telnet, most computer users
- preferred to window-shop at the online malls.
- </p>
- <p> But the Internet has become a lot more user friendly over the
- past few years, the result in large part of the emergence of
- such well-organized services as the World Wide Web and programs
- like Mosaic that take much of the pain and suffering out of
- navigating the Net (see box). And mainly because so many universities
- and research organizations now give students and staff free
- Internet access, it is growing even faster than the commercial
- networks. Measured by the number of users who can exchange electronic
- mail, the Internet reaches 25 million to 30 million people--five times as many as the big computer networks combined.
- </p>
- <p> The rise of the Internet has not gone unnoticed by the online
- services. Whereas in the past they were content to wall off
- their users from the Internet hordes, Prodigy, CompuServe and
- America Online are moving quickly to break down the barriers.
- All three permit E-mail exchange with the Internet. America
- Online and CompuServe allow partial access to the network, and
- both have announced plans to go the other way: to allow people
- from the Internet full access to their services. "We think most
- people would rather subscribe to one service, where they can
- get everything they need through one interface," says Steve
- Case, president of America Online. "I think companies like AOL
- are well positioned to be the way most Americans connect to
- the Internet."
- </p>
- <p> That could change. Much of the growth during the past year at
- CompuServe and America Online can be attributed to clever deals
- made with newspapers and magazines to get exclusive access to
- their copyrighted material. The alliances with the publishers
- served several purposes. Not only did they enrich the content
- of the online services and bring hundreds of editors and writers
- onto their message boards, but in addition they enabled the
- computer services to piggyback on the print media's marketing
- clout. TIME, for example, began putting the full text of its
- weekly magazine on America Online a year ago this month. And
- as a part of the deal, it agreed to run in the magazine half
- a dozen free, full-page ads for the computer service--a mass-marketing
- campaign that reached millions of readers and brought more than
- 10,000 new subscribers to America Online.
- </p>
- <p> But as analyst Tom Morgan points out in the current issue of
- Technology & Media, these deals are structured in such a way
- that the networks take ho e the lion's share of the revenue
- from online tolls--typically 80% to 85%. What's to stop publishers
- from striking out on their own, using the new improved Internet
- as their online kiosk? Some of them are doing just that. The
- San Jose Mercury News, for instance, which has been on AOL for
- 18 months, is planning to open an Internet site as well.
- </p>
- <p> The success of these independent ventures is by no means assured.
- The mechanisms for charging admission to sites on the Internet
- are still under development. And without the support of the
- big online shopping malls, Internet publishers will have to
- find new ways to bring readers to their doors. "Anyone can start
- a newsstand," says Scott Kurnit, a vice president at Prodigy,
- which has negotiated deals with Newsweek and Sports Illustrated
- for Kids. "But the one with the best lighting, the best selection
- and the best checkout counter is the place you'll go."
- </p>
- <p> The battle among competing online newsstands is about to get
- even fiercer. This summer Apple opened a slick service, eWorld,
- and publisher Ziff-Davis is expected to launch its powerful
- new Interchange Online Network before the end of the year. But
- the most fearsome competitors may be ones that are still in
- the wings. Next year Microsoft is expected to introduce its
- own online service, code-named Marvel, which it could bundle
- into every copy of Windows it sells. Even more formidable would
- be an online service from AT& T, which can market directly to
- its 80 million customers.
- </p>
- <p> How big can the online services grow? Given the state of technology
- today, there are limits. For one, only homes with computers
- and modems can plug in. And since sending photos and movies
- over phone lines is still relatively time consuming, the market
- is pretty much restricted to users who like to read and write.
- Yet the online services are not standing still. CompuServe has
- begun supplementing its offerings with CD-ROMS, combining the
- interactivity of a live, online connection with all the sound
- and animation that can be squeezed onto a CD. Prodigy plans
- to deliver its service to 200,000 cable-TV subscribers in San
- Diego--which would let it transmit data 100 times as fast
- as the fastest modem. And America Online is attempting to figure
- out how to put them all together: cable TV, CD-ROM, online services
- and the Internet. "We're trying to find a way to reach 98 million
- households," says Case. "We're 1 million down and 97 million
- to go."
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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